How to persist data in an Android app?

There are basically four different ways to store data in an Android app:

1. Shared Preferences – to save primitive data in key-value pairs
2. Internal Storage – you need to store data to the device filesystem, but you do not want any other app (even the user) to read this data
3. External Storage – you might want the user to view the files and data saved by your app
4. SQLite database