- The working tree/working directory/workspace is the directory tree of (source) files that you see and edit.
- The index/staging area is a single, large, binary file in /.git/index, which lists all files in the current branch, their sha1 checksums, time stamps and the file name – it is not another directory with a copy of files in it.
- HEAD is a reference to the last commit in the currently checked-out branch.