No. GraphQL is an API technology so it can be used in any context where an API is required.
On the backend, a GraphQL server can be implemented in any programming language that can be used to build a web server. Next to Javascript, there are popular reference implementations for Ruby, Python, Scala, Java, Clojure, Go and .NET.
Since a GraphQL API is usually operated over HTTP, any client that can speak HTTP is able to query data from a GraphQL server.
Note: GraphQL is actually transport layer agnostic, so you could choose other protocols than HTTP to implement your server.