Java Program to Check the Connectivity of Graph Using DFS

This is a Java Program to implement graph and check the connectivity between nodes using a standard Depth First Search algorithm. Algorithm visits the node that was traversed last or last come first serve basis. We create a visited array to avoid revisiting a node. If destination node appears in visited array, source and destination nodes are connected, not otherwise.

Here is the source code of the Java Program to Check the Connectivity of Graph Using DFS. The Java program is successfully compiled and run on a Windows system. The program output is also shown below.

//This is a java program to check the connectivity of a graph using DFS
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Stack;
 
public class Connectivity_DFS
{
    private final int      vertices;
    private int[][]        adjacency_matrix;
    private Stack<Integer> stack;
 
    public Connectivity_DFS(int v)
    {
        vertices = v;
        adjacency_matrix = new int[vertices + 1][vertices + 1];
        stack = new Stack<Integer>();
    }
 
    public void makeEdge(int to, int from, int edge)
    {
        try
        {
            adjacency_matrix[to][from] = edge;
            adjacency_matrix[from][to] = edge;
        } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException index)
        {
            System.out.println("The vertices does not exists");
        }
    }
 
    public int getEdge(int to, int from)
    {
        try
        {
            return adjacency_matrix[to][from];
        } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException index)
        {
            System.out.println("The vertices does not exists");
        }
        return -1;
    }
 
    public void dfs(int source)
    {
        int number_of_nodes = adjacency_matrix.length - 1;
        int[] visited = new int[number_of_nodes + 1];
        int i, element;
        visited = 1;
        stack.push(source);
        while (!stack.isEmpty())
        {
            element = stack.pop();
            i = 1;// element;
            while (i <= number_of_nodes)
            {
                if (adjacency_matrix[element][i] == 1 && visited[i] == 0)
                {
                    stack.push(i);
                    visited[i] = 1;
                }
                i++;
            }
        }
 
        System.out.print("The source node " + source + " is connected to: ");
        int count = 0;
        for (int v = 1; v <= number_of_nodes; v++)
            if (visited[v] == 1)
            {
                System.out.print(v + " ");
                count++;
            }
 
        if (count == number_of_nodes)
            System.out.print("\nThe Graph is Connected ");
        else
            System.out.print("\nThe Graph is Disconnected ");
    }
 
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        int v, e, count = 1, to = 0, from = 0;
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        Connectivity_DFS graph;
        System.out.println("The Undirected Graph Connectivity Test");
        try
        {
            System.out.println("Enter the number of vertices: ");
            v = sc.nextInt();
            System.out.println("Enter the number of edges: ");
            e = sc.nextInt();
 
            graph = new Connectivity_DFS(v);
 
            System.out.println("Enter the edges: <to> <from>");
            while (count <= e)
            {
                to = sc.nextInt();
                from = sc.nextInt();
 
                graph.makeEdge(to, from, 1);
                count++;
            }
 
            System.out.println("The adjacency matrix for the given graph is: ");
            System.out.print("  ");
            for (int i = 1; i <= v; i++)
                System.out.print(i + " ");
            System.out.println();
 
            for (int i = 1; i <= v; i++)
            {
                System.out.print(i + " ");
                for (int j = 1; j <= v; j++)
                    System.out.print(graph.getEdge(i, j) + " ");
                System.out.println();
            }
 
            System.out.println("Enter the Source Node: ");
            int sourceNode = sc.nextInt();
            graph.dfs(sourceNode);
 
        } catch (Exception E)
        {
            System.out.println("Somthing went wrong");
        }
 
        sc.close();
    }
}

Output:

$ javac Connectivity_DFS.java
$ java Connectivity_DFS
 
The Undirected Graph Connectivity Test(DFS)
Enter the number of vertices: 
4
Enter the number of edges: 
2
Enter the edges: <to> <from>
1 2
1 3
The adjacency matrix for the given graph is: 
  1 2 3 4 
1 0 1 1 0 
2 1 0 0 0 
3 1 0 0 0 
4 0 0 0 0 
Enter the Source Node: 
2
The source node 2 is connected to: 1 2 3 
The Graph is Disconnected 
 
The Undirected Graph Connectivity Test(DFS)
Enter the number of vertices: 
4
Enter the number of edges: 
4
Enter the edges: <to> <from>
1 2
1 3
1 4
2 4
The adjacency matrix for the given graph is: 
  1 2 3 4 
1 0 1 1 1 
2 1 0 0 1 
3 1 0 0 0 
4 1 1 0 0 
Enter the Source Node: 
4
The source node 4 is connected to: 1 2 3 4 
The Graph is Connected